how to leave australia

Compare · Dubai vs Portugal

Dubai vs Portugal for Australians leaving home

Dubai:Zero personal taxNo AU treatyPortugal:Worldwide taxNo AU treaty

The regimes are genuinely different: Dubai is a zero personal tax system while Portugal runs worldwide tax, which of your income streams each one actually touches matters more than any headline rate.

Neither has an Australian tax treaty, no tie-breaker in either direction if your residency is contested, and full withholding on Australian dividends and interest you keep. Your facts on the ground have to do all the work.

Portugal is the cheaper place to live day to day, roughly 65% of Sydney's basket against Dubai's 95% (indicative, ex-rent), which can outweigh a thinner tax saving over a full household budget.

Personalise this, enter your numbers once and every figure below becomes yours: “your estimated income tax: $14,200”, not “0, 22%”. Open the Country Comparison tool →

2 destinationsDubaiUnited Arab EmiratesPortugalPortugal
Tax
Regimezero, worldwide income not taxedworldwide, taxes worldwide income
Income tax on salaryNo personal income tax on employment income. 0% at every level.Progressive 13, 48% plus solidarity surcharge above €80k. A €100k salary pays roughly 37% effective, Portugal is not a low-tax country for salaries.
Capital gainsNo personal capital gains tax. (0% typical)28% flat on share gains (option to aggregate at progressive rates). Short-term gains on assets held <365 days must be aggregated at progressive rates for high earners. (28% typical)
DividendsNo personal tax on dividends or interest received.28% flat on dividends and interest, wherever sourced, with no AU treaty relief.
InterestGenerally untaxed locallyTaxed locally around 28%
CryptoNo personal tax on crypto disposals. Frequent trading through a business structure can attract corporate tax.Crypto held under 365 days is taxed at 28% on disposal; gains on crypto held longer than 365 days are exempt for individuals. Crypto-to-crypto swaps are generally not taxing events. Professional trading is business income at progressive rates.
Australia tax treatyNo, full 30% / 10% withholding, no tie-breakerNo, full 30% / 10% withholding, no tie-breaker
Social securityNo social security for expats; end-of-service gratuity applies to employees instead.Employees pay 11% social security; the self-employed pay ~21.4% on a discounted base. Not included in the calculation above, budget for it.
Visa
Best pathways
  • Employment visa, Sponsored by a UAE employer; the standard route. Fast and cheap when a job is in hand.
  • Golden visa (investor/professional), 10-year residence via AED 2m property or qualifying professional categories.
  • Virtual working programme, One-year remote-work visa on ~US$3.5k/month foreign income.
  • D8 digital nomad visa, Residence visa for remote workers earning roughly €3,480/month (4× Portuguese minimum wage) from non-Portuguese sources.
  • D7 passive income visa, For retirees and passive-income earners: show stable income of at least the Portuguese minimum wage (~€870/month, more for dependants).
  • Golden visa (fund route), €500k into a qualifying Portuguese investment fund. The real-estate route was abolished in 2023; funds are now the main path.
Visa ease8/107/10
Family on visasDependants covered on main pathwaysDependants covered on main pathways
Fastest timeline~1 month on the quickest pathway~4 months on the quickest pathway
Money
Rent (family home, monthly)$7,500/mo$4,200/mo
Rent (couple, monthly)$4,200/mo$2,600/mo
International school (per child/yr)$28,000$18,000
Health cover (family/yr)$9,000$4,500
Cost of living vs Sydney95% of Sydney (ex-rent)65% of Sydney (ex-rent)
Relocation one-off~$25,000~$22,000
Flights home (return, pp)$2,200$2,600
Life
Timezone vs AEST6h behind9h behind
Flight from Sydney~14 hours~26 hours
English9/106/10
Safety9/109/10
Healthcare8/107/10
Schooling8/107/10
ClimateHot desert climate, outdoor life pauses June to September.Mild Atlantic climate, warm dry summers, wet 15°C winters in poorly heated homes.

Costs, rates and visa figures are country-module data marked indicative until individually verified; FX and rental markets move constantly.

Honest downsides, side by side

Every destination hub on this site carries its downsides in the open. Here are both lists together, because the right question is rarely “which is better?” and usually “which set of problems would you rather live with?”

Dubai

  • No Australia tax treaty: if your residency status is contested, there is no tie-breaker. You can be fully taxed in both places on the same income.
  • Summer is genuinely brutal; many expat families leave for two months a year (watch your Australian day count when they head "home").
  • Renting and schooling costs rival Sydney; the tax saving is real but the cost base is not cheap.
  • Everything rests on your visa: lose the job, and the clock starts on leaving.

Portugal

  • No Australia tax treaty: a contested residency year can leave the same income fully taxed in both countries with only messy unilateral credits between you and double tax.
  • NHR is gone for new arrivals, the 20% IFICI successor is narrow, and most Australians will face full progressive rates up to 48% plus 28% on investments.
  • Salaries and bureaucracy are Southern European: local pay is low, AIMA appointment backlogs are real, and everything official takes months.
  • It is the single worst time zone on this list for keeping Australian clients, 9, 10 hours behind AEST means your overlap is their evening.
  • Winter housing is genuinely cold and damp; central heating is the exception, not the rule.

Make this comparison yours

The table above shows the general figures. Enter your income and family once and the tax rows become your numbers, “your estimated income tax in Dubai: $14,200”, not a range.